The Doctor Who Wouldn't Vivisect a Single Animal

Anna Kingsford enrolled at the University of Paris in 1874 with a plan: get a medical degree so her opposition to animal experimentation would carry the weight of a doctor's authority, not just an outsider's objection. She sat through six years of lectures and demonstrations she found unbearable and became the only medical student of her generation to graduate, in 1880, without experimenting on a single animal. Her doctoral thesis argued for a meat-free diet, and it was published in English the next year as The Perfect Way in Diet. She died on 22 February 1888, aged 41, from tuberculosis that set in after she was caught in a Paris rainstorm on her way to Louis Pasteur's laboratory.